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Useful information

The EU manages trade relations with countries outside the bloc through the EU's trade policy The EU manages trade relations with countries outside the bloc through the EU's trade policy.

Glossary of maritime terms - G

GA - General Average GANG - term used to describe a selected work force or team that works as a team in a harbour environment, usually in stevedoring.

International investments: towards a comprehensive European policy

The European Union (EU) establishes the foundations of a new European policy as regards international investments.

Elimination of controls and formalities applicable to baggage

To ensure the free movement of goods in the internal market, this Regulation aims to eliminate controls on the cabin and checked baggage of persons taking an intra-Community flight.

The common commercial policy is a pillar for the external relations of the European Union.

Convention on a common transit procedure

The customs transit procedure enables goods to move more freely and simplifies customs formalities.

Short maritime terms glossary - part 1

AAOSA - Always afloat or safe aground. The condition for a vessel whilst

in port.

ABLE BODIED SEAMEN - A member of the deck crew who is able to perform all the duties of an experienced seamen; certificated by examination; must have three years sea service. Also called Able Seamen and A. B.

ABS - American Bureau of Shipping: A U. S.-based private classification, or standards setting society for merchant ships and other marine systems.

Accommodation unit - Fitted with cabins and catering facilities for offshore crews. Semisubmersible accommodation units are ofte called "Flotels".

ADDENDUM - Additional terms at the end of a charter party.

ADMEASUREMENT - The confirmed or official dimensions of a ship.

AFT - In, near, or toward the stern of the vessel.

AGENCY FEE - A fee charged to the ship by the ship's agent, representing payment for services while the ship was in port. Sometimes called

attendance fee.

AHT (Anchor-handling tug) - Moves anchors and tow drilling vessels, lighters and similar.

AHTS (Anchor-handling Tug/Supply) - Combined supply and anchor-handling ship. Seismic ship: Conducts seismic surveys to map geological structures beneath the sea bed.

AID - Agency for International Development.

ALLISION - The act if striking or collision of a moving vessel against a stationary object.

AID - Agency for International Development

AIMS - American Institute of Merchant Shipping.

AMC - American Maritime Congress.

API - American Petroleum Institute.

AWO - American Waterway Operators. The national trade association for the barge and towing industry and the shipyards employed in the repair and construction of these craft.

AMIDSHIPS - Generally speaking the word amidships means in the middle portion of a vessel.

ARBITRATION - Method of settling disputes which is usually binding on parties. A clause usually in a charter party.

ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT - The document containing all particulars relating to the terms of agreement between the Master of the vessel and the crew. Sometimes called ship's articles, shipping articles.

ASBA - American Shipbrokers Association

ASTERN - A backward direction in the line of a vessel's fore and aft line; behind. If a vessel moves backwards it is said to move astern; opposite

to ahead.

AT SEA - In marine insurance this phrase applies to a ship which is free from its moorings and ready to sail.

AUTOMATIC PILOT - An instrument designed to control automatically a vessel's steering gear so that she follows a pre-determined track through

the water.

BACKFREIGHT - The owners of a ship are entitled to payment as freight for merchandise returned through the fault of either the consignees or the consignors. Such payment, which is over and above the normal freight, is called backfreight.

BACKHAUL - A deviation to move cargo on the return leg of a voyage for

the purpose of minimizing ballast mileage and thereby reducing

transportation costs.

BACKLETTER - Where a seller/shipper issues a 'letter of indemnity' in favour of the carrier in exchange for a clean bill of lading. May have only a limited value. Example: P & I problems.

BAF - Bunker adjustment factor

BAGGED CARGO - Various kinds of commodities usually packed in sacks or in bags, such as sugar, cement, milk powder, onion, grain, flour, etc.

BALE CAPACITY - Cubic capacity of a vessels holds to carry packaged dry cargo such as bales/pallets.

BALLAST - Heavy substances loaded by a vessel to improve stability, trimming, sea-keeping and to increase the immersion at the propeller. Sea water ballast is commonly' loaded in most vessels in ballast tanks, positioned in compartments right at the bottom and in some cases on the sides, called wing tanks. On a tanker, ballast is seawater that is taken into the cargo tanks to submerge the vessel to a proper trim.

BALLAST BONUS - Compensation for relatively long ballast voyage

BALLAST MOVEMENT - A voyage or voyage leg made without any paying cargo in a vessel's tanks. To maintain proper stability, trim, or draft, sea water is usually carried during such movements.

BALLAST TANK - Compartments at the bottom of a ship or on the sides which are filled with liquids for stability and to make the ship seaworthy. Any shipboard tank or compartment on a tanker normally used for carrying salt water ballast. When these compartments or tanks are not connected with the cargo system they are called segregated ballast tanks or systems.

BARE BOAT CHARTER - A charter in which the bare ship is chartered without crew; the charterer, for a stipulated sum taking over the vessel for a stated period of time, with a minimum of restrictions; the charterer appoints the master and the crew and pays all running expenses. See Demise Charter.

BAREBOAT CHARTER - Vessel contract where charterers take over all responsibility for the operation of the vessel and expenses for a certain period of time.

BARGE - Flat-bottomed boat designed to carry cargo on inland waterways, usually without engines or crew accommodations. Barges can be lashed together and either pushed or pulled by tugs, carrying cargo of 60,000 tons or more. Small barges for carrying cargo between ship and shore are known as lighters.

BARGE ABOARD CATAMARAN - A way of loading cargo into large barges and then in turn loading the barges into a ship.

BARGE CARRIERS - Ships designed to carry either barges or containers exclusively, or some variable number of barges and containers simultaneously. Currently this class includes two types of vessels, the LASH and the SEABEE.

BBB - Before breaking bulk. Refers to freight payments that must be received before discharge of a vessel commences.

B/d-Barrels per day (measure of petroleum production).

BEAM - The width of a ship. Also called breadth.

BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP - Designates the owner who receives the benefits or profits from the operation.

BERTH CARGO - When a liner cargo vessel accepts extra cargo to fill up the empty space remaining.

BERTH C/P - Term used in a voyage charter party, e. g. vessel shall proceed to Berth 2 at Falmouth.

BILL OF LADING - A document by which the Master of a ship acknowledges having received in good order and condition (or the reverse) certain specified goods consigned to him by some particular shipper, and binds himself to deliver them in similar condition, unless the perils of the sea, fire or enemies prevent him, to the consignees of the shippers at the point of destination on their paying him the stipulated freight. A bill of lading specifies the name of the master, the port and destination of the ship, the goo4s, the consignee, and the rate of freight.

B/L - Bill of Lading

BLACK CARGO - Cargo banned by general cargo workers for some reason. This ban could be because the cargo is dangerous or hazardous to health.

BLACK GANG - A slang expression referring to the personnel in the engine department aboard ship.

BLS - Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

B/N - Booking note

BOATSWAIN (BOSUN)- The highest unlicensed rating in the deck department who has immediate charge of all deck hands and who in turn comes under the direct orders of the master or chief mate or mate.

BOILERS - Steam generating units used aboard ship to provide steam for propulsion (and) for heating and other auxiliary purposes.

BOW THRUSTERS - A propeller at the lower sea-covered part of the bow of the ship which turns at right angles to the fore-and-aft line and thus provides transverse thrust as a manoeuvering aid.

B/p or BOP - Balance of payments.

BREADTH - See Beam

BREAKBULK VESSEL - A general, multipurpose, cargo ship that carriers cargoes of nonuniform sizes, often on pallets, resulting in labor-intensive loading and unloading; calls at various ports to pick up different kinds

of cargoes.

BREAK BULK - The process of assimilating many small shipments into one large shipment at a central point so that economies of scale may be achieved; to commence discharge of cargo.

BRIDGE - Used loosely to refer to the navigating section of the vessel where the wheel house and chart room are located; erected structure amidships or aft or very rarely fore over the main deck of a ship to accommodate the wheelhouse.

BROKERAGE - Percentage of freight payable to broker (by owners in c/p's) or applicable to sale or purchase.

BULK - Cargo shipped in loose condition and of a homogeneous nature. Cargoes that are shipped unpackaged either dry, such as grain and ore, or liquid, such as petroleum products. Bulk service generally is not provided on a regularly scheduled basis, but rather as needed, on specialized ships, transporting a specific commodity.

BULK CARRIER - Ship specifically designed to transport vast amounts of cargoes such as sugar, grain, wine, ore, chemicals, liquefied natural gas; coal and oil. See also LNG Carrier, Tanker, OBO Ship.

BULKHEAD - A name given to any vertical partition which separates different compartments or spaces from one another.

BUNKERS - Fuel consumed by the engines of a ship; compartments or tanks in a ship for fuel storage.

BUOY - A floating object employed as an aid to mariners to mark the navigable limits of channels, their fairways, sunken dangers, isolated rocks, telegraph cables, and the like; floating devices fixed in place at sea, lake or river as reference points for navigation or for other purposes.